Researchers conducted a field experiment to see how planting different legume forage crops with maize, along with different levels of NPK nano and mineral fertilizers, affected maize productivity and quality. They found that intercropping cilitora with maize and using 75% nano + 25% mineral fertilizer resulted in the highest grain yield. The protein, phosphorus, and potassium content in maize grains also increased with this approach. Intercropping cowpea with maize and using 75% nano + 25% mineral fertilizer led to the highest net return.