Water stress and low phosphorus levels can limit wheat growth and yield. Researchers studied how different phosphorus levels and water stress affected wheat. They found that higher phosphorus levels with optimal irrigation helped wheat grow better. High phosphorus levels could offset the negative effects of water stress. Wheat suffered more from water stress during both vegetative and reproductive stages than just the reproductive stage. Lower phosphorus levels with water stress caused the most reduction in wheat growth and yield. Overall, applying 120 kg ha-1 of phosphorus showed the best results under water stress conditions compared to other levels.