Forest vegetation reduces runoff, mitigating floods and increasing water availability.
Forest vegetation in the Loess Plateau helps regulate watershed runoff by absorbing rainfall and reducing surface runoff. Compared to non-forested areas, forested watersheds have more consistent runoff throughout the year. Rainfall in flood season in forested areas is converted into underground runoff, increasing runoff in the dry season. Forest vegetation significantly impacts runoff from October to December, but not as much from January to May.