The article discusses how the increasing demand for electricity is straining the current grid system, leading to inefficiency and instability. To address this, researchers are exploring smart grid technology, which uses advanced communication and automation to manage electricity more efficiently. One key aspect of smart grids is demand response, where users adjust their electricity usage based on pricing incentives. By implementing demand side management (DSM) strategies, such as modifying load profiles, consumers can save money and reduce energy consumption, leading to lower greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, DSM helps balance energy usage and supports the integration of renewable energy sources.