A study looked at how chloroplasts grow and divide in a unique plant called Bienertia sinuspersici. They found that as the plant cells mature, chloroplasts increase in number and size, especially in later stages. Electron tomography showed that chloroplast growth is driven by thylakoid expansion, with inner membrane invaginations playing a role. In central chloroplasts, grana stacks became more layered, while in peripheral chloroplasts, the distinction between grana stacks and stroma thylakoids blurred. During chloroplast division, thylakoids in the cleavage furrow were twisted and separated, disrupting grana stacks. This suggests the presence of a mechanism for splitting thylakoids.