The study analyzed factors influencing China's agricultural economic growth from 1990 to 2016. Results showed that investments in agricultural machinery, chemical fertilizers, and rural labor education boosted growth. However, an increase in agricultural labor force and cultivated area did not help. China's agricultural economy heavily relied on financial investment, with limited contributions from other factors. The government should focus on increasing fixed asset investment, promoting agricultural mechanization, regulating fertilizer use, and improving product quality and human capital accumulation.