Straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer in maize fields under drip irrigation in Ningxia, China improved soil quality and increased crop yield. The study found that this method reduced soil compaction, increased soil porosity, and enhanced soil fertility. Maize yield significantly increased with the combined application of straw and nitrogen fertilizer, particularly at levels of 300 and 450 kg·hm-2. The optimal amount of nitrogen fertilizer for maximum yield was determined to be 260 kg·hm-2. These results provide valuable insights for improving soil fertility and sustainable maize production in the region.