The researchers conducted field experiments to find cost-effective ways to manage weeds in direct seeded rice in Tamil Nadu, India. They tested different treatments like using herbicides and hand weeding at specific times. The best method was applying pendimethalin herbicide at the beginning, then using Bispyribac sodium and hand weeding later on. This treatment resulted in higher grain yield and better weed control efficiency compared to other methods. So, for small farmers dealing with labor shortages and weed problems, using these specific herbicides and weeding practices is recommended for managing weeds in direct seeded rice fields.