The study looked at different ways to grow wheat after rice in China to improve soil conditions and crop growth. They tested three tillage methods and nine nitrogen management strategies to see which combination gave the best results. In 2017, no-tillage with lower nitrogen rates worked best, while in 2018, plow tillage was more effective. Using less nitrogen and applying it at specific times can save money and increase yields. Overall, a combination of no-tillage with lower nitrogen rates is best when soil conditions are not ideal, while plow tillage with more nitrogen is better when conditions are suitable for tillage.