The researchers studied different rice varieties and phosphorus fertilization methods to see how they affect the yield and profitability of direct-seeded upland rice in Eastern India. They found that the variety 'CR Dhan 40' and applying 39.6 kg of phosphorus per hectare through SSP resulted in the highest grain and straw yields, as well as the best net returns. This integrated approach can help increase the productivity and profitability of upland rice farming in Jharkhand.