Male infertility, affecting 20-30% of infertility cases, remains a significant issue worldwide. The diagnosis mainly relies on semen analysis looking at sperm concentration, appearance, and motility. Various factors such as hormonal, physical, lifestyle, and genetic conditions contribute to male infertility. Despite significant research efforts, the causes of 70% of cases still elude us. This review highlights the importance of understanding sperm production, factors causing infertility, methods to identify genes involved, available treatments, and ways to recover sperm in infertile men. The ultimate aim is to shed light on the complex and multifaceted nature of male infertility to improve diagnosis and treatment options.