The study looked at how third-year students at Andalas University in 2018 complain in different social situations. They found that students use six main parts when complaining, like opening the complaint and suggesting a solution. The students also use eight different strategies to complain, such as hinting or directly blaming someone. The students tend to use indirect complaints when the person they are talking to has more power or when they need to be respectful. But they use direct complaints when they are close to the person or have the same social status.