The article examines what factors affect carbon emissions in Xinjiang, China from 1990 to 2016. They considered population, economy, energy efficiency, renewable energy use, and more. In the 1990s, economic growth and population drove up emissions, while energy efficiency helped limit the increase. From 2001 to 2010, economic growth and emissions intensity raised carbon emissions, but improved energy efficiency countered this. In recent years, economic growth and energy efficiency have been the main influences on emissions changes. Suggestions for cutting emissions include improving energy efficiency and changing how industries use energy.