The researchers studied the East Yorkshire Chalk aquifer to understand how water flows through it. They used various methods like dilution testing and monitoring of wells and springs. They found that water flows differently at different depths and locations, with some areas showing fast upward flow and others showing downward or sideways flow. The water in the aquifer is mostly cold and contains calcium and bicarbonate ions, but also has nitrate contamination. The study helps in protecting the aquifer from pollution and understanding how water moves underground.