Decentralization in Philippines and Indonesia boosts city government performance and democracy.
Decentralization in the Philippines and Indonesia has led to better resource allocation, improved public services, and economic growth at the local level. The Philippines' "people power revolution" in 1986 and Indonesia's Reformasi in 1998 kickstarted this shift towards more local autonomy. In the Philippines, decentralization has been happening since 1992, giving local governments more power to decide on their own development plans and programs.