Human disturbances such as non-grazing, reseeding, and free-grazing have different effects on plant communities in Inner Mongolia's grasslands. Non-grazing leads to the highest plant species diversity and aboveground biomass. Shrub and perennial grasses thrive under non-grazing conditions, while perennial forbs struggle. Reseeding boosts the biomass of mesophyte plants and C3 and C4 plants. Free-grazing favors annual or biennial herbs but reduces the presence of mesophyte and C4 plants. Overall, non-grazing is the most beneficial for restoring degraded grasslands in the region.