The article discusses how government responsibilities and limitations are viewed from a political economy perspective. It includes concepts from public-choice and behavioral economics, with a focus on gender issues. The book explains technical concepts clearly and applies economic theory rigorously. It covers topics like taxation, public goods, income redistribution, and social justice. The research integrates economic theory with real-world politics, studying public policies related to the environment, education, health insurance, welfare, unemployment, and defense. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses worldwide.