The study looked at how different types of slow-release urea affect rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a paddy field. They found that using optimized fertilization reduced emissions of methane and nitrous oxide during the rice season and fallow period. Controlled release urea decreased methane emissions during the growing season, while a nitrification inhibitor significantly reduced methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Overall, combining urea and a nitrification inhibitor resulted in higher rice yield and lower greenhouse gas emissions, making it a good choice for paddy fields.