The study looked at how water moves through layers of soil in the Chinese Loess Plateau. They found that the loess layers hold more water and can act as aquifers, while the paleosol layers hold less water and act as barriers. This is because the loess layers are less affected by soil formation due to past cold and dry climates. The CaCO3 concretion layer is especially good at stopping water flow. The researchers used a formula to describe how water moves through the soil layers, which can help with managing water resources in similar areas. The findings can also help with understanding past climate changes and planning for water resources and vegetation in semi-arid regions.