Soil testing in South Eastern Nigeria helps farmers grow more crops sustainably by checking soil health before planting. The study shows that soil fertility declines due to high demand for food and fertilizer, leading to nutrient imbalances. Factors like climate, erosion, and fertilizer use affect soil nutrients. Soil testing measures nutrient levels in soil, helping crops grow better and increasing yields. By using soil testing, farmers can improve crop production and protect the environment in tropical areas like South Eastern Nigeria.