The researchers tested how adding coconut shell biochar and farmyard manure (FYM) to sandy loam soil, along with NPK fertilizers, affected the growth and yield of aerobic rice. They found that using 8 tons of biochar and 10 tons of FYM per hectare, along with the recommended fertilizers, led to taller plants, more tillers and panicles, more grains per panicle, and heavier grains. This combination resulted in significantly higher grain and straw yields, as well as increased uptake of important nutrients by the rice plants.