Groundwater flow modeling was used to study the Qushtapa District plain area in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The goal was to understand how water moves in the aquifer under steady state conditions. The researchers simulated the movement of contaminants in the groundwater and found that the water table decreases from northeast to south of the plain. The model was calibrated using observed data and showed good agreement with the actual groundwater levels. The study also identified potential sources of pollution and tracked how contaminants could spread in the aquifer over time.