The researchers used geostatistics and GIS to study how soil nutrients vary across a research area and how this affects soil quality. They found that organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, alkaline nitrogen, and pH levels all vary in different ways across the area. pH levels showed weak variability, while total nitrogen and available potassium had low variability. Organic matter, available phosphorus, and alkaline nitrogen showed moderate variability. The distribution of soil nutrients varied across the area, but there were some patterns in certain parts.