Desalination through reverse osmosis (RO) is a process that removes salts and contaminants from salty water, making it safe for drinking and other uses. Researchers have developed new membrane designs and hybrid modules to increase the efficiency of RO. By using RO, most microbes, viruses, and salt ions are filtered out, resulting in cleaner water. Desalinated water is healthier than water from rivers and groundwater. The UN predicts that by 2025, 14% of the world's population will face water scarcity, making technologies like RO crucial for sustainable water management.