The study looked at different types of wheat in India to see how they use nitrogen to grow and produce grain. They found that the amount of nitrogen a plant takes up after flowering affects how much grain it produces. Wheat plants that take up more nitrogen after flowering have higher grain yields. They also found that under low nitrogen conditions, wheat plants with higher nitrogen uptake after flowering have lower protein levels in their grain. This information can help breeders develop wheat varieties that use nitrogen more efficiently to increase grain yield and protein content.