The Gushanchuan river in Northern China has seen a significant decrease in runoff over the past century. Climate change and human activities have both played a role in this decline, with human activities having a larger impact. By analyzing data from 1965 to 2010, researchers found that the runoff in the Gushanchuan Basin decreased by as much as 77%. The runoff generation process in the basin has shifted, with more runoff components contributing to floods. Changes in land use and cover, such as an increase in forest area and water storage capacity, have influenced these trends.