Incorporating wheat straw into paddy fields can improve soil fertility. Using controlled-release fertilizer with straw can increase rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. In a study comparing different fertilizers, controlled-release urea with straw led to higher grain yield and better nitrogen use efficiency than conventional fertilizer with straw. However, both fertilizers increased greenhouse gas emissions compared to no fertilizer. Overall, using controlled-release urea with straw can boost rice production and nitrogen efficiency, but may not reduce greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields.