Preliminary tests for population variances unreliable under non-normality, study finds.
The study looked at tests used to check if groups have similar variability, even when data is not normally distributed. The Goldfeld-Quandt and Levene tests can give inaccurate results under non-normal conditions, with errors as high as 88% and 48% respectively. However, a modified version of the Levene test (BF-test) still works well, except in cases with big outliers.