This note gives advice on how countries can set up a back office to manage public debt effectively. It explains the important tasks this unit should do, like keeping track of debt and reporting on it. By focusing on key debt processes, countries can improve their debt management. Good data helps with making decisions and managing debt well. It's crucial for countries to organize around processes, not just products, and gather data to support debt management. Reporting on debt is vital for understanding risks and making debt strategies.