Organic fertilizer boosts soil fertility, revolutionizing agricultural practices worldwide.
Long-term fertilization in yellow fluvo-aquic soil improves soil fertility. Organic manure and its combination with inorganic fertilizers reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity, organic carbon, nitrogen, and nutrient levels. Principal component-cluster analysis showed that organic fertilizer positively impacts soil properties, with the best results seen in combined organic and NPK fertilizer application.