The study looked at how different amounts of nitrogen affected the growth and yield of late rice in low temperatures during the heading and flowering stage. They found that too much nitrogen decreased the rice's ability to withstand the cold, with the best yield seen with a normal amount of nitrogen. High nitrogen levels led to higher panicle and grain numbers but lower seed setting rates. Overall, it's best not to use too much nitrogen on late rice during this stage, with the ideal amount being no more than 180 kg per hectare.