The article talks about climate change, which is mostly caused by human activities like deforestation and industrial growth. It mentions that the Earth's climate has always changed, but in recent times, it has been changing faster due to things people do. The researchers also mention that climate change began during the 20th century because of human actions like creating more pollution. They focus on how the Earth's average surface temperature is going up, known as global warming, and how this affects the world's climate over time. The study suggests that human behavior is a big reason for the changes we see in climate today.