Chemical contamination can disrupt the relationship between tiny plants (phytoplankton) and bacteria in ocean waters. In clean offshore areas, bacteria rely on the plants for food, but in polluted lagoons, they get their energy from other sources. Pesticides and metals from pollution can slow down the activities of these organisms, especially in the spring and fall. When sediments are stirred up, nutrients are released, which can help offset the harmful effects of contaminants by boosting plant growth. This can change the types of plants present and how they interact with bacteria in the water.