The study looked at how a type of weight loss surgery called Roux-en-Y gastric bypass affects diabetic rats. They found that after the surgery, the rats' blood sugar levels decreased, along with a decrease in harmful substances called lipopolysaccharides in their blood. The surgery also changed the balance of bacteria in the rats' intestines, with an increase in a beneficial type of bacteria called Bifidobacterium. These changes may be linked to the surgery's ability to improve blood sugar control in diabetic rats.