The study looked at changes in river runoff in the Weihe River Basin, China, due to climate and land surface factors. They analyzed data from 1961 to 2015 and found that runoff decreased over time. The main reason for this decrease was changes in the land surface, which accounted for 40.36% to 75% of the reduction in runoff at different locations in the basin. This suggests that managing land use is crucial for maintaining water resources in the face of environmental changes and water scarcity.