The researchers studied how different nitrogen fertilization methods affected wheat yield in soybean-wheat and rice-wheat rotations in Jianghan Plain, China. They found that using an improved nitrogen management system led to significantly higher wheat yields compared to traditional methods. The soybean-wheat rotation had a yield gap of 920 kg·hm-2, while the rice-wheat rotation had a gap of 2195 kg·hm-2. The rice-wheat rotation showed better population structure, dry matter accumulation, grain yield, and economic benefits under the improved nitrogen pattern. This suggests that the rice-wheat rotation with optimized nitrogen fertilization is the best approach for maximizing wheat yield and profit in Jianghan Plain.