The researchers studied the effects of ileal transposition on non-obese type 2 diabetic rats. They divided the rats into two groups and observed their weight, food consumption, blood glucose levels, and insulin levels before and after surgery. The rats that underwent ileal transposition showed improvements in glucose tolerance and lower fasting insulin levels compared to the sham surgery group. These findings suggest that ileal transposition may be beneficial for managing type 2 diabetes in non-obese individuals.