The article explores how things are produced in the economy, focusing on the shift from production to market exchange in economic thought. Early scholars like Adam Smith were interested in the organization of production and the division of labor. However, modern economics emphasizes consumer choice and market exchange over production processes. This change in focus has led to a reorientation in value theory, where the value of a product is now determined by what someone is willing to pay for it. The study also discusses different theories of the firm and production that have emerged as critiques of traditional economic theories.