Wheat breeding from 1891 to 2010 aimed to increase yield and resistance, but unintentionally led to higher glutenin contents and lower protein and gliadin contents. A study on 60 German winter wheat cultivars showed that while plant height and spike density decreased, yield and harvest index increased over time. Protein and gliadin contents decreased, while glutenin contents increased. However, there was no evidence to suggest that modern wheat has a higher immunostimulatory potential compared to older varieties. The harvest year had a greater impact on protein composition than the specific cultivar.