The study looked at whether the theory of purchasing power parity holds true for Middle East and North Africa countries by analyzing exchange rates from 1980 to 2017. They used a special test that looks at different parts of the data to see if the exchange rates are stable. The results showed that, except for Morocco, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan, the theory of purchasing power parity does not seem to work in the other countries studied. This could be because of differences in economic conditions and how flexible their foreign exchange systems are compared to more developed countries.