Stop Misleading Readers: Always Present Standard Deviation, Not Standard Error!
The standard deviation (SD) shows how spread out data points are from the average, while the standard error of the mean (SEM) indicates how close the sample average is to the true average of the whole population. It is recommended to always use SD when describing a sample, as SEM can be misleading and make data seem more precise than they are. Therefore, presenting SEM values may not be necessary and can be avoided altogether.