Montane forests in Taiwan's Central Mountain Range have been expanding rapidly, leading to a decrease in non-forest areas. Despite no change in the average elevation of the forests, the elevation at which new forests are growing has been increasing steadily. The expansion of forests is mainly happening through infilling rather than forests moving to higher elevations. Different slopes and aspects of the mountains show varying rates of forest growth, with east and south-facing slopes experiencing the most significant gains in forest area. This expansion of forests is impacting the habitat of non-forest species in the region, but there is still potential for these species to survive at high elevations, albeit with smaller populations.