The researchers studied trees in different altitudes in Bird's Head Peninsula, Indonesia to understand the diversity and relationships among them. They found that as elevation increases, the variety of tree species decreases. Different dominant tree species were observed at different altitudes, both in the lower and upper parts of the forest. The elevation gradient influenced the types of tree communities present, showing how tree species interact and associate with each other. Out of all the species recorded, 26 were listed in the IUCN Red List, with varying levels of concern for their conservation status.