Tropical forests are rich in biodiversity, and soil microbes are crucial for soil health. This study looked at the microbial diversity in soil from a logged-over forest before it became an oil palm plantation. By using a technique called PCR-DGGE, the researchers found that the area designated for oil palm cultivation had the highest microbial diversity. The dominant bacterial groups in all soil types were unclassified bacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and α-Proteobacteria. Acidobacteria were absent in the area with the least acidic soil. Some common bacterial species found in all sites were uncultured Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Rhodoplanes.