Soil in southern New South Wales can have hidden acidity below the surface, which can harm crops. Current sampling methods often miss this acidity, leading to underestimation of the problem. Adding lime to the soil can help, but it needs to be done more effectively to prevent further acidification. Using smaller depth increments for sampling, aiming for higher pH levels, and calculating lime rates accurately are key. Organic amendments may also help, but their long-term impact is uncertain. Overall, managing topsoil pH with lime is the best and most cost-effective way to prevent soil degradation.