Long-term fertilizer boosts maize yield and soil health in India's croplands.
Long-term fertilizer use in maize-finger millet cropping systems can significantly increase crop yield and soil health. Applying NPK fertilizers at different levels boosts maize yield, root biomass, and soil nutrients. Integrated nutrient management (NPK + FYM) is the best way to maximize maize yield in intensive cropping. Adding fertilizer P and K increases soil available P and K levels, respectively. Zinc levels are higher in NPK + FYM plots compared to other treatments. Soil organic carbon and microbial biomass are higher in NPK + FYM treatments.