This study looked at the best time to plant and the depth to plant 'Dniprovskyi 39' and 'Vinets' sorghum varieties to improve their ability to use sunlight for growth in Ukraine. They found that planting in early May at a depth of 4-6 cm gave the highest leaf area, which is crucial for photosynthesis. These plants had the most photosynthetic potential, or ability to convert sunlight into energy, compared to planting earlier or later. The best photosynthetic capacity was seen when planting in the second week of May at the optimal depth. Planting too shallow or too deep resulted in lower photosynthetic potential. Overall, planting sorghum at the right time and depth can significantly improve their growth and energy production capabilities in the region.