This paper aims to figure out the best ways to generate electricity with minimal cost and greenhouse gas emissions. The researchers created a fancy math model to plan the power sector's future in Pakistan. They considered all the power sources available from 2018 to 2030 and ways to expand them. By balancing different fuels, they can cut CO2 emissions by up to 40% by 2030 without raising electricity costs. If they go beyond that target, more new power plants are needed, leading to pricier electricity. Also, adding carbon capture technology to new plants can significantly reduce CO2 emissions. So, changing how we get our power can help the environment without making electricity too expensive.