The study looked at how different types of fertilizers and nutrient management affect soil properties in a long-term rice-wheat cropping system. They found that using organic sources like farmyard manure and green gram straw along with chemical fertilizers improved soil fertility. The pH of the soil decreased with certain fertilizer combinations, but the electrical conductivity increased in others. Overall, the organic carbon content in the soil increased significantly with the use of fertilizers and organic manures, leading to better soil health. This suggests that a combination of chemical fertilizers and organic sources can help maintain soil fertility in the long run.