The article discusses how using crop residues and green manure can improve soil fertility and reduce farming costs. Crop residues like rice straw contain valuable nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, many farmers don't properly recycle these residues, leading to soil degradation. Green manure crops like Sesbania aculeata can also add nutrients to the soil. By managing crop residues and using green manure effectively, farmers can maintain soil health and save money on fertilizers.